Modern endodontic techniques and advanced biotechnological materials for root canals filling, have significantly reduced the number of the root apex resections. However, periapical inflammation, abnormal anatomical conditions, resorption and horizontal root fractures and inadequate endodontic treatment (incomplete filling, push‑out filling, root perforation and broken tools) require the use of this procedure. Root canals are obturated mostly with gutta‑percha core and sealer (epoxide resins). The selection of retrograte root‑end filling material is more difficult, because it should meet the criteria of high biocompatibility, tightness, adhesion, provide contrast for X‑ray imaging, and should not be toxic, electrochemically active shrinkable. They should not undergo resorption and corrosion, or cause teeth discoloration. In subsequent stages of endodontics development the following materials were used for retrograde root canal obturation: silver amalgam, gold, gutta‑percha, zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, composite materials, titanium screws, cements, glass ionomer cermets, compomers, bone cements Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), Super Ethoxybezoic Acid (Super EBA) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregatte (MTA) – a modified Portland cement and also Biodentine. Although both MTA and Biodentine meet most of the required criteria, they are still far from being ideal materials.

Key words: root apex resection, retrograde root canals obturation, retrograde apical filling materials..