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The association of gingivitis with indirect markers of insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes — a cross‑sectional study

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Mateusz Tarnowski, Anna Duda‑Sobczak, Dorota Zozulińska‑Ziółkiewicz, Marzena Wyganowska‑Swiątkowska



2/2018/XLVI s. 165–171
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165_2_46_2018.pdf
Digital version of article (in PDF file)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/df.2018.22

Fraza do cytowania: Tarnowski M., Duda‑Sobczak A., Zozulińska‑Ziółkiewicz D., Wyganowska‑Swiątkowska M. The association of gingivitis with indirect markers of insulin resistance in adults with type 1 diabetes — a cross‑sectional study. Dental Forum. 2018;XLVI(2):165–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/df.2018.22.

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that leads to pancreatic B‑cells destruction and thus to total insulin deficiency. Such condition promotes intracellular hyperglycemia and triggers metabolic pathways leading to neurovascular complications. Other risk factors of neurovascular complications are: hyperglycemia and diabetes duration. However, hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, smoking cigarettes, hypertension may alter the disease course. Initially disputable, the role of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes is now gaining importance according to recent studies concerning its role in neurovascular complications of diabetes as well as in metabolic syndrome or periodontitis. Oxidative stress‑dependent gingival fibroblasts malfunction results in gingiva swelling and redness. There is no published data on the relationship between insulin resistance and gingival tissues condition in type 1 diabetes so far. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between gingivitis and indirect markers of insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes. Material and methods. 328 (140 men) patients, aged 18–45 years, with a median diabetes duration of 13 years were examined. The median disease duration was 13 years. Gingival tissues were examined according to Gingival Index. Glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, peripheral blood morphology were measured and indirect markers of insulin resistance (BMI, TG/HDL and eGDR) were calculated. Results. 50.1% of the study group comprised patients with gingivitis. Older age, higher leukocyte blood concentration, poorer metabolic control of diabetes and higher concentrations of lipid profile components characterized most of them. There was no significant correlation between gender, smoking cigarettes and disease duration with gingivitis. The gingivitis group had higher BMI and TG/HDL ratios and a lower eGDR. Insulin resistant patients had higher BMI and TG/HDL ratio. GI correlated positively with age, inflammation factors, parameters of metabolic control of diabetes, TG/HDL ratio and BMI, and negatively with eGDR.

Key words: type 1 diabetes, gingivitis, insulin resistance.





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