It will be remembered that human saliva has remineralization capabilities, due to the presence of basic minerals and trace elements, however in cases of initial caries its action is insufficient. It is necessary to strengthen this process not only by fluoride contained in toothpastes, but through new calcium‑phosphate remineralizing agents that can affect the restoration of lost enamel minerals by ion exchange and mechanical incorporation into the crystalline structure of the enamel. The enormous amount of research on the usefulness of materials capable to enamel remineralization convinces us about possible use of them in dentistry. Among the currently introduced for commercial sale, we should distinguish such agents as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium‑sodium phosphosilicate, arginine‑calcium carbonate, amorphous calcium phosphate in the CPP‑ACP complex, and nanohydroxyapatite (HA/HAP). However, the most independent biomaterial that would be the composition, construction and resulting properties of resemblance to the minerals of the human tooth is synthetic nanohydroxyapatite. The results of current in vitro and in vivo studies presented in this paper can be a valuable guide for dental students as well as practicing dentists.

Key words: tooth, remineralization, initial caries, nonfluoride systems, nanohydroxyapatite, enamel.