Gingival hyperplasia is a pathological process with many clinical implications affecting the functions of the oral cavity. Enlargement of the volume of the gingiva may have a multifactorial aetiology. This paper presents current views on gingival hypertrophy, which can be identified as hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) or drug‑induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). Possible aetiological factors, including molecular changes and clinical symptoms, are discussed. Current therapeutic indications and the possible prevention of recurrences are also presented.

Key words: hereditary gingival hyperplasia, drug‑induced gingival overgrowth, gingivectomy, treatment.