Dentists commonly use biological dental treatment methods to preserve the vital pulp in teeth exposed to pathological factors. Its effectiveness depends on several factors, including correct diagnosis, general health of patients, treatment conditions and medications used. Depending on the clinical condition of the tooth, we can use the indirect or direct capping method and vital pulp amputation. The effectiveness of biological treatment is currently rated high because it allows to avoid endodontic treatment. The dental preparations currently used in biological treatment include: calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine, CEM, glass ionomer cements, EMD, ODM, bioactive materials.

Key words: biological treatment, MTA, Biodentine, bioactive materials.