The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge regarding changes occurring in the stomatognathic system in preterm-born children, based on available literature. Preterm birth affects many aspects of anatomical and functional development, including craniofacial bone growth, enamel mineralization, and the maturation of masticatory functions. The literature highlights a higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects, delayed tooth eruption, reduced thickness or altered mineralization of bone tissue, as well as an increased risk of malocclusion in children born prematurely. The impact of prematurity is also observed on a functional level, manifesting as abnormalities in swallowing, breathing, chewing, and speech development disorders. Early detection of deviations within the masticatory system and related structures enables effective prevention and therapy, reducing the risk of permanent defects and preventing long-term developmental consequences.

Key words: stomatognathic system, preterm-born children, developmental disorders, masticatory dysfunction, oral health status.